A study of the Concept of Mirror (Ayina) in the Middle Period of Pashto Literature

Abstract

In the medieval period of Pashto literature, poets, in search to enhance the aesthetic qualities of their poetry and add or present complex mystical themes, made use of different similes, metaphors, and symbols, one of which was the mirror (Aina). In this period, poets employed the mirror (Aina) as a symbol, metaphor, and simile for the heart. In literature, consistent mention is made of Alexander’s mirror (Aina), which, from the view of certain historical works, is attributed to Alexander. It is said that, with the help of Aristotle, Alexander constructed such a mirror  (Aina)  for the purpose of defending the city of Alexandria, through which he could discern the conditions of the enemy. Research findings clarifies that poets of all categories, whether lyrical poets or Sufi poets, used the mirror (Aina)  in particularly the same sense, namely, as a representation of the human inner self or heart. Just as the clarity and polish of a mirror  (Aina) determines the accuracy of the image it reflects, so in Sufi poetry, the extent to which the human heart is free from sins, arrogance, and envy determines the extent to which the Divine Manifestation resides within it. This research undertakes an overall exploration of the concept of the mirror  (Aina). employing the bibliographic method alongside explanatory and interpretive approaches. It reveals and elucidates the hidden symbolic meanings of the mirror (Aina).